Self-consistent quasi-static radial transport during the substorm growth phase

Transition from substorm growth to substorm expansion phase as observed with a radial configuration of ISTP and Cluster spacecraft

Transition from the growth phase to the substorm expansion during a well-isolated substorm with a strong growth phase is investigated using a unique radial (THEMISlike) spacecraft constellation near midnight, including the probing of the tail current at ∼16RE with Cluster, of the transition region at ∼9RE with Geotail and Polar, and of the inner region at 6.6RE with two LANL spacecraft. The act...

On storm weakening during substorm expansion phase

Iyemori and Rao recently presented evidence that the strength of a magnetic storm, as measured by -Dst, weakens, or its rate of growth slows, during the substorm expansion phase. Yet the expansion phase is known to inject energetic particles into the ring current, which should strengthen the storm. We propose to reconcile these apparently contradictory results by combining the virial theorem an...

Relation of Substorm Breakup Arc to other Growth - Phase

A self-consistent theory for graphene transport.

We demonstrate theoretically that most of the observed transport properties of graphene sheets at zero magnetic field can be explained by scattering from charged impurities. We find that, contrary to common perception, these properties are not universal but depend on the concentration of charged impurities n(imp). For dirty samples (250 x 10(10) cm(-2) < n(imp) < 400 x 10(10) cm(-2)), the value...

Thermodynamics of the Quasi-static Growth of Griffith Cracks

RESTRICTIONS on the quasi-static extension, or healing, of Griffith cracks are developed in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. It is emphasized that thermodynamics requires that (G 2r)I > 0, where i is crack speed, G the Irwin energy release rate, and 2y the work of reversible separation of the surfaces to be fractured. Implications for ‘lattice trapping’ models of cracks and for the...